Figure 2: Representative recordings of simultaneous measurement of CMG and EUS- EMG activity in spinal intact unanesthetized rodents. Traces A2-4, B2-4, and C2-3 depict sections of traces A1, B1, and C1, respectively, on expanded time scales. A1-A4 show the IVP and EUS-EMG recordings during a continuous infusion CMG in a spinal intact rat. The EUS-EMG exhibits tonic activity before the onset of voiding and bursting activity during voiding (A2-4). The EUS bursting is characterized by clusters of high-frequency spikes (APs) separated by low tonic activity (SPs) (A3 and A4). The bursting produces rhythmic contractions and relaxations of the EUS and is thought to generate a urethral pumping action during voiding, which is seen as pressure oscillations on the continuous CMG tracing (A4). B1-B4 and C1-C4 show the IVP and EUS-EMG recordings during a continuous infusion CMG in a spinal intact mouse without pressure oscillation (B1–B4), and in a spinal intact mouse with pressure oscillation (C1–C4). Some mice exhibit reduced EUS activity without bursting and no obvious pressure oscillation during voiding (B1–B4). The other mice exhibit bursting-like EUS activity during voiding bladder contractions, similar to EUS busting in spinal intact rats (C1–C4), consisting of APs, and reduced EMG activity (SPs), which coincide with IVP oscillations in the CMG tracing, but the IVP oscillations in the CMG tracing were less obvious compared with those in spinal intact rats. (Modified from Kadekawa et al., 2016^[19]). CMG: Cystometrogram, EUS: External urethral sphincter, EMG: Electromyogram, IVP: intravesical pressure, Aps: Active periods, SPs: Silent periods, Aps: Alternating tonics