| REVIEW ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2019 | Volume
: 30
| Issue : 1 | Page : 2-7 |
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Programmed death-1 and programmed death ligand-1 blockade for advanced urothelial carcinoma
Jhe-Cyuan Guo1, Yu-Chieh Tsai2, Yeong-Shiau Pu3
1 Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine; National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
2 Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital; Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
3 Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital; Department of Urology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
Correspondence Address:
Yeong-Shiau Pu
Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100
Taiwan
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
DOI: 10.4103/UROS.UROS_105_18
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Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has changed the paradigm of anticancer therapy in many cancer types, including advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC). Two anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibodies (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) and three anti-PD ligand-1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibodies (atezolizumab, durvalumab, and avelumab) have demonstrated their efficacy in the treatment of advanced UC. The response rate of the above ICIs in unselected patients with advanced UC is about 20%. Several on-going large-scale phase III studies explore whether different combinations with ICIs improve the efficacy. To date, there have been several phase I, II, and III studies that examined the efficacy of single-agent PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 blockade in platinum-failed advanced UC patients, and two phase II studies demonstrated the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade as the first-line therapy in cisplatin-ineligible advanced UC patients. Here, we review and compare the efficacy and adverse events of the five ICIs in advanced UC. |
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